Insurance compensation:

In the case of the reason for harm to the property of physical and/or legal persons, to the objects of natural environment the value of insurance compensation is determined by real damage in the limits of the insurance sum, established by the agreement of insurance.

In the case of the reason for harm it compensates to the health of physical face: the lost earnings (income), of which that suffered was deprived as a result of the loss of ability to work or decrease of its as a result caused mutilation or another harm to health; the additional expenditures, necessary for restoring the health (to the intensive nourishment, the sanitation and health treatment, the outside withdrawal, the transport expenditures, the expenditures for paid medical care so forth); the part of the earnings, of which, in the case of death of that suffered, were deprived the disabled persons, who consisted on its maintenance or who had right to obtaining from it of the content;As buyers on the market appear citizens, industrial and commercial enterprises, and also some local state and nationalized enterprises. There are differences to the degree of the being subject to insurance risks - from the property of small apartments to the large office blocks in the center of large city. Those, who propose insurance services, they are called by insurers. This there can be insurance holding- companies, insurance societies or mutual associations, which guarantee the compensation of loss. The large part of the insurance operations is achieved through the mediators, to which turn themselves the potential insurants, and who convince clients in the need for insurance. Mediators - are brokers and the agents, which act on the commission of their clients and the usually obtaining commission from the insurers.

The structure

The rating of insurers regularly is comprised on the basis of data of insurance supervision and it makes it possible to determine the leaders of market according to the sum of active memberships and according to a volume of the obtained insurance payments. Since the problems with the financial stability and the solvency recently in some insurers appeared, insurance supervision decided to supplement rating with two indices - being concerned security with cash resources and with investments, and balance profit (loss). The sum of financial active memberships in this case recounts on the course of national bank, which acted of the on January 1 analyzed year. By this means, since January 1, 1998 in the new rating the ranking of insurers is produced not according to the size of the overcharged financial active memberships, but on the sum of security with their cash resources and with investments.

At present on the insurance market of Belarus' acts a number of insurance organizations - legal persons and their self-contained structural subdivisions. With the participation of the foreign capital (Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian, Polish, Belgian, Austrian, American, English, German) created operate 15 insurance organizations.

In the share of non-governmental organizations are fallen more than 70% sum total of the assembled payments, and in the portion of rest 48 - only about 30%, which indicates of their low business activity.

The structure of enterings appears as follows:

- 9% - life insurance, pensions, medical insurance and insurance against accidents;
- 68.5% - insurance of property;
- 18% - insurance of credits, owner's transactions, contributions, deposits;
- 4,5% - required insurance.

Expenditures for business as a whole in the republic (on all I see insurances) were 0,35 rubles to 1 ruble in the insurance enterings. This several below average normative level - 0,36 rubles - coordinated by insurers with the committee on supervision of the insurance activity.

The insurance

On January 1, 1997 the insurance organizations of republic had available insurance reserves for the sum total 510 billion rubles, into of 39 billion rubles on the storage and in 471 billion rubles on the risky contributions of insurance. The portion Of in the sum total of insurance payments composed 20,6% (1995[g]. - 24,7%). To the portion of four insurers - and [Task] - is 51,5% of insurance reserves.

The analysis of the financial-economic activity of Belorussian insurance organizations in 1998 attests to the fact that the insurance business in the republic continues to be developed. More than the year of 56 companies were achieved their services and only in four of them all licenses were annulled. Insurers in 1998 gathered payments more than to 45% on the comparison since 1997. The structure of insurance payments is the following: life insurance, pensions, medical insurance and insurance against the accidents - 9% of the entire sum of the entered payments; the insurance of the property - 68,5%; the insurance of credits, owner's transactions, contributions and deposits - 18%; ” the required insurance - 4,5%. The value of the active memberships of company testifies about its financial stability, and the sum of the reward - on the degree of activity on the market. However, in the active memberships of insurers is not reflected their own capital, which is today calculated by hundreds of thousand dollars (this the cost of buildings, construction and the like), which is not entirely correct. But if we to the joint reward of insurers their own capital, and to them - and all active memberships, and even then hardly will be collected the sum, which comprises more than hundred million dollars. This it is very small for coating of the risks, connected with the modernization of

THE ACCIDENTS

Passage to the market relations contributes to an increase in the interest of the economic subjects of all forms of property in the protection of its owner's activity, its property, incomes by insurance method. The enumeration of services allowed on the insurance market for republic is at present compared with the enumeration of the services, which can be obtained on the foreign markets. Difference with the international list - in “the components”. If German company proposes to you not less than 40 different diagrams of life insurance, then our insurers, as a rule, work on 1 - 2 to diagrams. Moreover, personal insurance (life insurance and the insurance of pensions) survives today deep crisis. The specific weight of enterings according to the data I see extremely it is low. Demand for the construction-assembly risks, “fire” and other physical risks clearly exceeds proposal, and this is explained, first of all, by the shortness of property insurance. An improvement in the investment climate in the state and tax of incomes from the storage insurance will lead to its expansion. for information: the insurance market of Germany is capable to cover with its guarantees 46% of. wealth of the country. The attractiveness of storage forms can be caused only by the totality of the factors: income from its conducting must be compared with the income of insurant from the bank deposits, in addition, the guaranteed guarantee with insurance protection.

Life insurance and pensions it is most popular in the developed countries precisely because of the long-term nature. It is possible to boldly assert that the life and health can cost more expensive than property, only in the countries with the flourishing economy. Moreover storage classes of insurance possess a number of advantages over risky. From one side - above reliability, since the risk more yields to error and is more predicted, with another - this form of insurance, in the essence, is the form of the investment (to insurant at the end of the period of effect of the treaty it is paid out entire sum of the paid by it reward, increased by the specific percentage).

INSURANCE AGAINST

The attractiveness of storage forms can be caused only by the totality of the factors: income from its conducting must be compared with the income of insurant from the bank deposits, in addition, the guaranteed guarantee with insurance protection.

Life insurance and pensions it is most popular in the developed countries precisely because of the long-term nature. It is possible to boldly assert that the life and health can cost more expensive than property, only in the countries with the flourishing economy. Moreover storage classes of insurance possess a number of advantages over risky. From one side - above reliability, since the risk more yields to error and is more predicted, with another - this form of insurance, in the essence, is the form of the investment (to insurant at the end of the period of effect of the treaty it is paid out entire sum of the paid by it reward, increased by the specific percentage).

The Belorussian policies of the insurance of investments also correspond to International standards, but absence in our companies of adequate experience forces them to come running with the development of the conditions of insurance to the aid of foreign partners. Beside the fact that this aid must be paid, foreign investors require that the large part of the risks would be reinsured by Belorussian side in any well-known company. Otherwise they place their risks beyond the limits of our state independently.

As a whole for the formation of the Belorussian insurance market for republic the presence of number of the problems is characteristic: the insufficient financial reliability of insurance organizations, which is caused, in the first place, by low requirements for the minimal size of state fund;

The industry

In the industrially developed countries fire-prevention protection is built depending on possibilities and views of the owners of buildings and enterprises, which use the existing standards and the requirements of fire safety in those limits, which seem them sufficient. Fire legislation at the state level is absent in practice in all countries, and legislation at the local level (states, the earth, province) provides for only very general requirements and allows the sufficiently wide range of their interpretation and application. In connection with this fire services do not possess the rights of control, supervision and prohibition, but come out most frequently in the role of consultants, who put out those silt other recommendations regarding specific questions of the fire-prevention protection, whose fulfillment remains to judgement owners. However, the requirements of insurance companies and insurance and tax organs are main stimuli for the use of contemporary means of fire-prevention protection. From their side the insurance companies actively assign fire specialists on the inspection of buildings and enterprises during conclusion or prolongation of insurance agreements and usually is included in these agreements the specific minimum of fire-prevention requirements. Furthermore, the considerably differentiated depending on the level of fire-prevention protection system of insurance payments one way or another impels the owners of enterprises and buildings to achieve the specific fire-prevention measures. The large part of the insurance operations is achieved today by mediators acting on behalf of its clients. Their work - to organize the insurance of people and to convince them of the need for making this. Their experience in insurance and selection of risk helps them in this matter.

production activity

The unstable financial state of many insurers. They experience a sharp deficiency in the financial resources, to supplement which is practically very complicated, taking into account the state of the economy of the country as a whole;difficulty in of large risks both on the internal and outside market. In Belarus' there is not one insurance company, capable of accepting to itself large risks, for example, the insurance of the investments of western capital to millions of dollars into the economy of republic;the low capacity of national insurance market, in spite of a constant increase in the joint sum of the insurance reward, assembled by the insurers of republic;the nonprofessionalism of the leaders of insurance organizations and the low level of the economic work, which lead to bankruptcy of insurers, complaints and distrust to them to insurants, to a drop in the prestige of entire insurance system as a whole; the imperfection of the legislative base for required I, first of all, see insurances. Serious problem for the insurers is the fact that in the active law is not reflected the separation of classes of insurance into the risky and the storage, but sale of such insurance products of foreign companies, as 'green [karta]* is located practically out of the law.

The basic directions of the investment of insurance reserves in the republic are: the state papers of the subjects of management and real estate. In the state treasurer obligations invested 77,6 billion rubles. However, the financial position of many insurers continues to remain complex.